Dear Pat and Brad: I need to reduce my energy costs and don’t know where to start. You often recommend a home energy audit. What will an audit tell me? — Jacob
Dear Jacob: You’ve nailed it! A home energy audit is the perfect place to start if you want to reduce your energy bills or make your home more comfortable. An audit can also help you decide whether to invest in a new energy source like a solar array or a new heating and cooling system like a heat pump or whether it’s time to upgrade your current system.
It’s possible to conduct your own energy audit using a website or app. Online and app audits are great tools you can use to learn about energy use and potential efficiency upgrades. A comprehensive, in-person energy audit provides much more information, but because some of us are still staying at home and practicing social distancing, you may be more comfortable performing an online audit.
When things are back to normal and it’s safe to have visitors in your home, there are typically two options for an in-home energy audit.
The least expensive is a home energy survey, sometimes referred to as a “walk-through” audit, that is essentially a visual inspection. If you have modest goals about what you want to learn from an energy audit and if you are fortunate enough to find an experienced and knowledgeable professional, this type of audit might meet your needs.
The second, more comprehensive energy audit requires more time and utilizes several diagnostic tools. The average cost for this type of audit is about $400. Check with your local electric cooperative to see if it offers energy audits or provides discounts or rebates.
A comprehensive energy audit will look at four main areas. The first is the envelope of your home, which includes all the places where the exterior and interior meet — roof, walls, doors, windows and foundation. A critical tool for examining the envelope is a blower door test, which has a powerful fan that is mounted in an exterior door frame and used to depressurize the home. The auditor can then identify how well-sealed your home is and locate any air leaks. Some auditors will work with you to seal leaks and continue to take blower door readings as the home is “tightened up.” One advantage of this approach is avoiding excessive air sealing. It’s possible, in some homes, to tighten the home too much. The energy auditor can determine when to stop sealing leaks so that a healthy supply of air infiltration is maintained.
A contractor seals ductwork with duct mastic.
Another tool auditors will use to look at your building envelope is a thermal imaging camera, which shows hot and cold spots that pinpoint exactly where insulation is needed on walls and ceilings. The camera works best when the exterior temperature is much colder or much warmer than the interior temperature.
The second focus of the audit is your home’s heating, ventilation and air conditioning system and water heater to see how energy-efficient they are and whether they should be replaced. If your home has air ducts, the auditor can conduct a duct blaster test to see if your ducts are properly sealed. Ducts located in unheated areas are often a major source of energy loss.
The third area the auditor will review includes other energy end use such as lighting, appliances and other “plugged-in” devices. The auditor might also suggest steps like energy-efficient lighting or a smart thermostat.
The fourth area included in a comprehensive energy audit is health and safety. Does your home have the correct number and placement of smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors? Should your basement be tested for radon emissions? Make sure you get answers to these questions.
Some audits include a sophisticated energy analysis of your home using energy modeling software. These analyses can rank the different energy efficiency opportunities in your home from most- to least-cost-effective. This will tell you how much you can save if you invest in all the cost-effective upgrades.
After the energy audit is complete, the auditor should sit down with you and explain the findings in detail. This conversation should include a discussion of ways to operate your home to achieve more energy savings and more comfort.
A home energy audit may seem like an unnecessary expense, but it truly can save you money in the long run because it helps to ensure that every dollar you put into energy efficiency pays for itself.
